Cardiovascular and temperature adverse actions of stimulants

The vast majority of illicit stimulants act at monoaminergic systems, causing both psychostimulant and adverse effects. Stimulants can interact as substrates or antagonists the nerve terminal monoamine transporter that mediates reuptake monoamines across synaptic membrane vesicular (VMAT‐2) storage in vesicles. directly presynaptic postsynaptic receptors for have indirect monoamine‐mimetic actions due to release monoamines. Cocaine other acutely increase risk sudden cardiac death. Stimulants, particularly MDMA, hot conditions, such occurring a “rave,” caused fatalities from consequences hyperthermia, often compounding actions. This review examines pharmacology cardiovascular temperature stimulants.